Conflicting
Views
The
path to the unitary state of Cameroon began in 1959 with a difference of views
expressed between the Premier of Southern Cameroons and the Prime Minister of
Cameroun at the UN. Addressing the General Assembly, Premier Foncha of
Southern Cameroons stated that he preferred a federal system of
government in the event of Reunification. Also speaking at the United Nations
in February 1959, the Prime Minister of Cameroun, Ahmadou Ahidjo, stated that
the people he led desired Reunification and that he had taken note of
Foncha's statement. Nevertheless, the people of Cameroun did not wish to
impose a unitary system (which he called integration) on their brothers under
British administration by the sheer weight of numbers. However, if the
Northern and Southern Cameroonians desired Reunification, the people of
Cameroun were ready to discuss the method of achieving it with them on an equal
footing.
The
views of Augustin Ngom Jua, Foncha's deputy, were representative of the
Kamerun National Democratic Party (KNDP) as a whole. He considered that
Southern Cameroons should first sever its links with Nigeria and become an
independent state before opening negotiations for Reunification on a federal
basis. Consequently, he was determined to make Integration and Secession the
sole issues in the plebiscite. Thus, when Foncha was pressured at the UN in
September 1959 to compromise his position by agreeing to substitute
Reunification for Secession in the plebiscite, Jua and his closest
collaborators seriously considered replacing Foncha as Leader of the KNDP.
This was symptomatic of a more general unease. The UN's decision to
exclude Secession from the plebiscite was, for the most part, badly received in
Southern Cameroons where it flew in the face of popular expectations. The
majority of petitioners condemned the restriction of the plebiscite
propositions to Integration and Reunification and demanded a third option that
would provide for a separate Southern Cameroons State, preferably with the
Commonwealth membership. Some of them threatened to sabotage the plebiscite if
Secession was not made part of it or if it was not cancelled in favour of a
separate Southern Cameroons State. These protests, pleas and threats struck no
responsive chord at the UN, and the clamour against the plebiscite options
subsequently became more vocal and widespread.
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